Post by Les on Mar 4, 2021 16:14:12 GMT
Shopping from victorian times
This is not only Maidstone but general.
With the shops being enlarged and having more floors some people found it hard to use the stairs so some fitter escalators
Peter Ellis installed the first elevators that could be described as paternoster lifts in Oriel Chambers in Liverpool in 1868.
Another was used in 1876 to transport parcels at the General Post Office in London.
In 1877, British engineer Peter Hart obtained a patent on the first paternoster.
In 1884, the engineering firm of J & E Hall of Dartford, Kent, installed its first "Cyclic Elevator", using Hart's patent, in a London office block.
The newly built Dovenhof in Hamburg was inaugurated in 1886. The prototype of the Hamburg office buildings equipped with the latest technology also had a paternoster. This first system outside of Great Britain already had the technology that would later become common, but was still driven by steam power like the English systems .
The highest paternoster lift in the world was located in Stuttgart in the 16-floor Tagblatt tower, which was completed in 1927.
Paternosters were popular throughout the first half of the 20th century because they could carry more passengers than ordinary elevators.
They were more common in continental Europe, especially in public buildings, than in the United Kingdom.
They are relatively slow elevators, typically travelling at about. 1 ft per second , to facilitate getting on and off.
Safety
Paternoster elevators are intended only for transporting people. Accidents have occurred when they have been misused for transporting bulky items, such as ladders or library trolleys.
The risk involved is estimated as 30 times higher than conventional elevators. A representative of the Union of Technical Inspection Associations stated that Germany saw an average of one death per year prior to 2002, at which point many paternosters were made inaccessible to the general public.[11]
The construction of new paternosters is no longer allowed in many countries because of the high risk of accident for people who cannot use them properly. In 2012, an 81-year-old man was killed when he fell into the shaft of a paternoster in the Dutch city of The Hague.
Elderly people, disabled people, and children are most vulnerable.
In September 1975, the paternoster in Newcastle University's Claremont Tower was taken out of service after a passenger was killed when a car left its guide rail at the top of its journey and forced the two cars ascending behind it into the winding room above.
In October 1988 a second, non-fatal accident occurred in the same lift. A conventional lift replaced it in 1989–1990.
In West Germany, new paternoster installations were banned in 1974, and in 1994 there was an attempt to shut down all existing installation there was a wave of popular resistance to the ban, and to a similar attempt in 2015. As of 2015, Germany has 231 paternosters.
In April 2006, Hitachi announced plans for a modern paternoster-style elevator with computer-controlled cars and standard elevator doors to alleviate safety concerns. A prototype was revealed as of February 2013.
In 2009, Solon received special permission to build a brand new paternoster in its Berlin headquarters.
This is not only Maidstone but general.
With the shops being enlarged and having more floors some people found it hard to use the stairs so some fitter escalators
Peter Ellis installed the first elevators that could be described as paternoster lifts in Oriel Chambers in Liverpool in 1868.
Another was used in 1876 to transport parcels at the General Post Office in London.
In 1877, British engineer Peter Hart obtained a patent on the first paternoster.
In 1884, the engineering firm of J & E Hall of Dartford, Kent, installed its first "Cyclic Elevator", using Hart's patent, in a London office block.
The newly built Dovenhof in Hamburg was inaugurated in 1886. The prototype of the Hamburg office buildings equipped with the latest technology also had a paternoster. This first system outside of Great Britain already had the technology that would later become common, but was still driven by steam power like the English systems .
The highest paternoster lift in the world was located in Stuttgart in the 16-floor Tagblatt tower, which was completed in 1927.
Paternosters were popular throughout the first half of the 20th century because they could carry more passengers than ordinary elevators.
They were more common in continental Europe, especially in public buildings, than in the United Kingdom.
They are relatively slow elevators, typically travelling at about. 1 ft per second , to facilitate getting on and off.
Safety
Paternoster elevators are intended only for transporting people. Accidents have occurred when they have been misused for transporting bulky items, such as ladders or library trolleys.
The risk involved is estimated as 30 times higher than conventional elevators. A representative of the Union of Technical Inspection Associations stated that Germany saw an average of one death per year prior to 2002, at which point many paternosters were made inaccessible to the general public.[11]
The construction of new paternosters is no longer allowed in many countries because of the high risk of accident for people who cannot use them properly. In 2012, an 81-year-old man was killed when he fell into the shaft of a paternoster in the Dutch city of The Hague.
Elderly people, disabled people, and children are most vulnerable.
In September 1975, the paternoster in Newcastle University's Claremont Tower was taken out of service after a passenger was killed when a car left its guide rail at the top of its journey and forced the two cars ascending behind it into the winding room above.
In October 1988 a second, non-fatal accident occurred in the same lift. A conventional lift replaced it in 1989–1990.
In West Germany, new paternoster installations were banned in 1974, and in 1994 there was an attempt to shut down all existing installation there was a wave of popular resistance to the ban, and to a similar attempt in 2015. As of 2015, Germany has 231 paternosters.
In April 2006, Hitachi announced plans for a modern paternoster-style elevator with computer-controlled cars and standard elevator doors to alleviate safety concerns. A prototype was revealed as of February 2013.
In 2009, Solon received special permission to build a brand new paternoster in its Berlin headquarters.